Virtually
every medical condition that can present in a human will reflect
with abnormal values in various urinary substances.
URINE
ANALYSIS (URINALYSIS) AND CLINICAL INDICATORS
Specific
Gravity
Cancer, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Kidney Disorders,
Respiratory Disorders, Liver Disorders, Cardiovascular Disorders,
hypothyroidism, Cirrhosis, Gout, Dehydration, Fever, Vomiting,
Diarrhea, X-ray Contrst Media administration, Glomerulonephritis,
Obesity, Pyelonephritis, Adrenocortical Insufficiency,
Malabsorption Symdrome, Edema, Ascites, Hypercalcemia,
Hypernatremia, Cerebral Lesions, Alcohol Ingestion, Mannitol
Therapy, Azotemia, Dieting, Panhypopituitarism, Hyponatremia,
Acute Intermittent Porphyria, Guillain-Barre' Syndrome, Brain
Tumor, Nephrotic Syndrome, Drugs and Medications
Nitrite
Cancer, Tumors, Kidney Disorders, Prostate Infection, Urinary
Tract Disorders, Infections, Tuberculosis, Sexually Transmitted
Disease, Azo Dye administration, Ascorbic Acid
*Nitrites are commonly added to urine samples to defeat
urinary drug testing*
pH
Cancer, Diabetes, Respiratory Disorders, Heart Disorders, Kidney
Disorders, Central Nervous System Disorders, Anxiety, Diarrhea,
Kidney Stones, Urinary Tract Infections, Drugs and Medications,
Diuretic Treatment, Metabolic Disorders, Decreased Food Intake,
Acidosis, Dehydration, Hypokalemia, Hypochloremia, Steroid
Therapy, Alkalosis, Aldosteronism, Pyloric Obstruction, Renal
Tubular Disorders
Glucose
Cancer, Diabetes, Respiratory Disorders, Heart Disorders,
Pancreas Disorders, Leukemia, Heart Attack, Stroke, Kidney
Disorders, Seizures, Stress, Smoking, Pregnancy, Medications and
Antibiotics, Hypoglycemia, Pituitary Disorders, Infections,
Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Mumps, Enzyme
Deficiency Disorders, Thyrotoxicosis, Cushing's Syndrome,
Acromegaly, Brain Injury, Renal Tubule Disease, Fanconi's
Syndrome, Lactation, Lactose Intolerance, Phenylketonuria,
Stress, Anesthesia administration
Ketones
Cancer, Diabetes, Pregnancy, Hyperthyroidism, Fever, Medications
and Drugs, Stress, Fasting/Dieting, Vomiting, Anorexia,
Lactation, Renal Glycosuria, Glycogen Storage Disease, Anesthesia
administration
Blood
Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Respiratory Disorders, Kidney
Disorders, High Blood Pressure, Liver Disorders, Prostate
Disorders, Infections, Arthritis, Sickle Cell Anemia, Medications
and Vitamins, Genitourinary Tract Abnormalities, Tumors, Lupus
Erythematosus, Kidney Stones, Hemophilia, Tuberculosis, Smoking,
Injury and Strenuous Exercise, Burns, Transfusion Reactions,
Febrile Intoxications, Snake Bite, Malaria, Surgical Procedures,
Thalassemia, Kidney Infarction, Fava Bean Sensitivity,
Pyelonephritis, Cystitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Thrombocytopenia,
Glomerulonephritis
Leukocytes
Cancer, Tumors, Prostate Disorders, Kidney Disorders, Urinary
Tract Disorders, Fever, Tuberculosis, Infections, Trichomonas,
Parasites, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis
Bilirubin
Cancer, Liver Disorders, Sickle Cell Anemia, Hepatitis, Tumors,
Cirrhosis, Mononucleosis, Exposure to Toxic Substances, Biliary
Tract Disorders, Hemolytic Disease, Transfusion Reactions,
Pernicious Anemia, Pulmonary Infarcts, Choledocholithiasis
Protein
Cancer, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Disorders,
Leukemia, Liver Disorders, Arthritis, Pregnancy or Recent
Childbirth, Meningitis, Tumors, Kidney Disorders, Multiple
Sclerosis, Medications and Drugs, Stress, Infections, Seizures,
Lupus Erythematosis, Toxemia, Preeclampsia of Pregnancy, Urinary
Tract Obstruction, Glomerulonephritis, Trauma, Multiple Myeloma,
Renal Vein Thrombosis, Pyelonephritis, Nephrolithiasis,
Congential Malformations, X-ray Contrast administration
Urobilinogen
Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disorders, Respiratory
Disorders, Liver Disorders, Arthritis, Medications and
Antiobiotics, Hyperthyroidism, Anemia, Malaria, Biliary
Disorders, Cholelithiasis